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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 22 Jan 2017, 07:28.

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As with most Romance languages, /k/ and /g/ palatalized before front vowels, resulting in /tʃ/ and /dʒ/, with /kw/ and /gw/ filling in the hole. All instances of /h/ were deleted, and there is no remnant of it in the orthography (hora > uara /wara/).

However, in addition to /k/ and /g/, many other consonants palatalized before front vowels: /t/ > /ts/, /d/ > /dz/, /s/ > /ʃ/, /z/ > /ʒ/, /n/> /ɲ/, /l/ > /ʎ/. However, /st/ and /sk/ were simplified from /sts/ and /stʃ/ to /s(:)/ and /ʃ(:)/ (tristis > tristi /tris(:)/, cognoscere > cunnoscer /kun(:)oʃ(:)er/).

Aspirated /t/ and /k/ became unaspirated geminates (thema > ttema /t(:)ema/, mechanicus > meccanic /mek(:)aɲik/), while aspirated /p/ became /f/ (physica > fysica /fjuʃika/). Geminates remained "hard" before front vowels (littera > littera /ʎit(:)era/).

/l/ after a stop or fricative became /j/ before front vowels (plenus > pien /pjen/) and /w/ before back vowels (clamare > cuamar /kwamar/).

Monophthongs mostly stayed the same, but a notable change is /y/ to /ju/ (papyr > papyr /papjur). Most instances of /ew/ and /jo/ also became /ju/ (deus > dy /dzu/, melior > melyr /meʎur/). All final unstressed vowels except for /a/ were deleted (manus > man /man). There are some exceptions (especially with long vowels) but I don't have these rules organized. Likewise, the rules deletion of some intertonic vowels aren't organized and may be a little inconsistent.

/er/ often became /re/ after which the /e/ was deleted due to the above rule (liber > lyr /ʎur/). If the remaining final /r/ came after a consonant, it usually was deleted (pater > pat /pat/, semper > semp /ʃemp/).

Stressed open /e/ and /o/ diphthongized to /ja/ and /wa/ (veclus > viacu /vjaku/, locus > luac /lwak/). Stressed close /e/ and /o/ did the same before /a e o/ in the next syllable (sera > siara /ʃara/, persona > persuana /perswana/). Both of these changes are restricted to open syllables and don't occur after /j/ or /w/ (ecclesia > cciesia /k(:)jeʃa/).

All instances of /fw/ became /f/, occurring after /l/-vocalization and /o/-diphthongization (fuissem > fissi /fis(:)i/, flos > for /for/, focus > fac /fak/).

Intervocalic /b/ lenited to /v/ (caballus > cavall /kaval(:)/). Before a consonant, /p/ and /b/ vocalized to /w/ (acceptare > accytar /ak(:)jutar/, possibilis > possyli /pos(:)juʎ/). Intervocalic /d/ lenited to /z/ (cadere > cazer /kaʒer/).

/kt/ became /ks/, which became /s/ (actio > axyni /aʃuɲ/, exactus > exax /esas/) and /kst/ shifted to /s(:)/ except before /r/ (mixtus > mixx /mis(:)/).

Intervocalic /rd/ lenited to /r(:)/ (perdere > perrer /per(:)er/).
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