Ediferian Declensions
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How do declensions work in Ediferian?
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 26 Nov 2023, 16:49.
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5. Songs in Ediferian
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Ediferian is a fusion language, as the nouns and the adjectives have their own declensions. Moreover, there are many particles that can be added to the end of a noun to change its meaning or their grammatical function in the sentence. Nouns are divided into stem, suffix and postposition. In case the stem ends with a consonant and the suffix starts with a different consonant, a thematic vowel could be added before the suffix. This rule is not applied if the last consonant of the stem and the first consonant of the suffix are the same.Example Edeletimor also Edeletim (In the lands) can be divided into Ed-e-let-im
Note that in the word Edeletim the article "the" (In the lands) was not written. This is because determinative articles do not exist in Ediferian, and the indeterminative articles are usually rendered, when necessary, with the numeral "one" used as an adjective or as a postposition (Eninn, which becomes -En or -Eni when used as a postposition). In case the numeral is used as a posposition it MUST be the first postposition to be written, after the suffix. When it is used as an adjective, it must be placed after the noun, just like any kind of numeral adjective.
Example 1 Nakenosillat edilatenim Example 2 Nakenosillat edilatim enimm | In an unknown land |
Though both the forms are commonly accepted, the second one is the most commonly used.
There are four declensions in Ediferian, each of which has four cases (Nominative, Genitive, Dative and Accusative), three genders (Masculine, Femenine and Neutral) and two noun numbers (Singular and Plural).
The first declension is the most common declension in Ediferian language. At the nominative case, its suffixes are:
- -or for masculine nouns (fechor, light);
- -alt for femenine nouns (edalt, land);
- -en for neutral nouns (sinen, travel).
Its genders suffixes are different from each other, but they were considered a single class because they had some similiarities (-s for genitive case, -i for dative and -t for accusative).
The declension for first class nouns is the following:
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MMasculine gender (gender) masculine or male | FFeminine gender (gender) feminine or female | NNeuter (gender) neutral or neuter | |
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Fechor | Edalt | Sinen |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Fechiros | Editas | Sines |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Fechiri | Edilai | Sini |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Fechot | Edilat | Sinet |
| PLPlural (number) more than one/few | |||
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Fechar | Edilt | Sinan |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Fecheres | Edetes | Sinas |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Fechera | Edeli | Sinai |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Fechet | Edelet | Sinat |
The second includes masculine, femenine and neutral nouns, with their own suffixes. At the nominative case, their suffixes are
- -inn for masculine nouns (solinn, sun);
- -an for femenine nouns (stalan, star);
- -unt for neutral nouns (panëtunt, planet).
The declension for second class nouns is the following:
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MMasculine gender (gender) masculine or male | FFeminine gender (gender) feminine or female | NNeuter (gender) neutral or neuter | |
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Solinn | Stalan | Panëtunt |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Solins | Stalar | Panëtus |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Solini | Stalari | Panëtuni |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Solimm | Stalam | Panëtunt |
| PLPlural (number) more than one/few | |||
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Solirr | Stalaen | Panëturr |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Solis | Stalaer | Panëtum |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Soliri | Stalaim | Panëtuti |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Soliom | Stalaom | Panëturr |
The third declension includes only masculine and femenine nouns (despite some nouns being considered as neutral nowadays), and both share the same suffix at the nominative case:
- -er for both masculine and femenine nouns (Köleter, FFeminine gender (gender)
feminine or female NMNoun (POS), Colour).
The declension for third class nouns is the following:
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | PLPlural (number) more than one/few | |
|---|---|---|
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Köleter | Köletior |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Köleteas | Köletios |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Köletea | Köletion |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Kölete | Köletiom |
The fourth declension is used only for foreign words, so it can include any gender.
It is used for the nouns of countries and cities, and also for common loan words or foreign names.
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | ||
|---|---|---|
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Ninja | Pokemon |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Ninjas | Pokemonis |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Ninjam | Pokemonim |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Ninja | Pokemon |
| PLPlural (number) more than one/few | ||
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Ninjar | Pokemoner |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Ninjados | Pokemonos |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Ninjadom | Pokemonom |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Ninjar | Pokemoner |
- The gender of animals may vary if some conditions are satisfied:
- If you are referring to an animal whose gender is unknown to you, it is better to use the neutral gender (Katen, Cat)
- If you know what gender the animal is, especially if it is a pet, you should use the masculine or femenine gender (Kator, Male cat; Katalt, Female cat)
Adjectives in Ediferian have also to be inflected, but they only use the first or second declension.
In order to refer to a specific noun, adjectives should preceed the noun (unless they are numerals) and have its same case, gender and number.
Example: Nifar katar frirr = Three little cats
A very particular class of adjectives are numerals, because they can also be found as a postposition of the noun (just like Eninn).
Example: Nifar katarifri = Three little cats
But the first form (the numeral used as an adjective and not as a postposition) is the most commonly used.
The declension for first class adjectives is the following:
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MMasculine gender (gender) masculine or male | FFeminine gender (gender) feminine or female | NNeuter (gender) neutral or neuter | |
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Nifor | Nifalt | Nifen |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Nifiros | Nifitas | Nifes |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Nifiri | Nifilai | Nifi |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Nifot | Nifilat | Nifet |
| PLPlural (number) more than one/few | |||
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Nifar | Nifilt | Nifan |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Niferes | Nifetes | Nifas |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Nifera | Nifeli | Nifai |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Nifet | Nifelet | Nifat |
The declension for second class adjectives is the following:
| SGSingular (number) one countable entity | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| MMasculine gender (gender) masculine or male | FFeminine gender (gender) feminine or female | NNeuter (gender) neutral or neuter | |
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Finn | Fan | Funt |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Fins | Far | Fus |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Fini | Fari | Funi |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Fimm | Fam | Funt |
| PLPlural (number) more than one/few | |||
| NOMNominative (case) TRANS subject, INTR argument |
Firr | Faen | Furr |
| GENGenitive (case) possessive |
Fis | Faer | Fum |
| DATDative (case) indirect object; recipient, beneficiary, location |
Firi | Faim | Futi |
| ACCAccusative (case) TRANS direct object; patient |
Fiom | Faom | Furr |
And finally, here is a list of numerals, with their three forms (Calculation, Adjective and Suffix)
| NUMNumeral | ADJAdjectival syntactic | SUFSuffix (suffix) suffixed form | NUMNumeral | ADJAdjectival syntactic | SUFSuffix (suffix) suffixed form | NUMNumeral | ADJAdjectival syntactic | SUFSuffix (suffix) suffixed form | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0Unknown code | Nechen | 10Unknown code | Eci | Ecirr | -eci | 100Unknown code | Eku | Ekusirr | -ekus | ||
| 1First person (person) speaker, signer, etc; I |
En | Eninn | -en | 20Unknown code | Thoci | Thocirr | -thoci | 200Unknown code | Thoku | Thokusirr | -thokus |
| 2Second person (person) addressee (you) |
Tho | Thoirr | -thor | 30Unknown code | Frici | Fricirr | -frici | 300Unknown code | Friku | Frikusirr | -frikus |
| 3Third person (person) neither speaker nor addressee |
Fri | Frirr | -frir | 40Unknown code | Faci | Facirr | -faci | 400Unknown code | Faku | Fakusirr | -fakus |
| 4Fourth person (person) obviative, not present |
Far | Farirr | -far | 50Unknown code | Keci | Kecirr | -keci | 500Unknown code | Keku | Kekusirr | -kekus |
| 5Fifth person (person) indefinite or generic; one, "they" say that |
Kef | Kefirr | -kef | 60Unknown code | Seci | Secirr | -seci | 600Unknown code | Seku | Sekusirr | -sekus |
| 6Unknown code | Ser | Serirr | -ser | 70Unknown code | Saci | Sacirr | -saci | 700Unknown code | Saku | Sakusirr | -sakus |
| 7Unknown code | Sat | Satirr | -sat | 80Unknown code | Äci | Äcirr | -aci | 800Unknown code | Aku | Akusirr | -akus |
| 8Unknown code | Äm | Ämirr | -am | 90Unknown code | Noci | Nocirr | -noci | 900Unknown code | Noku | Nokusirr | -nokus |
| 9Unknown code | Nor | Novrirr | -nor | 100Unknown code | Eku | Ekusirr | -eku | 1000Unknown code | Ezim | Ezimirr | -ezim |
To form other numbers (such as 42, 127, 4561), you should take the numeral form of the numbers until you reach to units, which can be substituted with any of the forms described above, in order to define their function.
- 42 = Facithoirr
- 127 = Ekothocisatirr
- 4561 = Fazimikekisecenirr
REMEMBER
- All the numbers are inflected as second class plural adjectives, except for Eninn, that has to be inflected as a singular adjective, and Nechen (whose meaning actually is "Nothing"), that has to be inflected as a singular first class adjective
- When eninn is used as the unit in a more complex number (E.g. 11, 451 etc.), it is treated as a plural adjective, and not as a singular anymore
- Eku (and all the numbers ending in -ku), has an abnormal behavior when forming complex numbers:
- it becomes Ek- before Eninn, Kecirr and Ämirr (and derivates);
- it becomes Eko- before Thoirr, Facirr, Sacirr and Nocirr (and derivates);
- it becomes Eki- before Frirr and Secirr (and derivates). - Ezim (and all the numbers ending in -zim) needs a vowel to be placed between it and the number (if the number does not start with a vowel). In particular, they are:
- No vowel between Ezim and Eninn or Ämirr (and derivates);
- -o- between Ezim and Thoirr, Farirr or Novrirr (and derivates);
- -i- between Ezim and Frirr, Kefirr, Serirr or Sacirr (and derivates)
Every case of a noun's declension represent a specific complement:
- Nominative case is used to express the subject of a sentence;
- Genitive case is used to express possession (e.g. the thing of someone);
- Dative case is used to express an indirect object (e.g. to give something to somebody)
- Accusative case is used to express the direct object of a sentence.
But, as we can see, we have only 4 complements. What about all the others? In order to form other complements, a specifical particle (postposition) should be added at the end of the word, becoming part of the word itself. There are many particles, and every particle has its own meaning and can be added to a noun only if it is inflected in a specific case, or might have a different meaning depending on the case of the noun. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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