Pkhen Lesson V
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An overview of the uses of Pkhen Moods/Aspects/Voices
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 24 Feb 2019, 09:48.
[comments] pjelessonslesson 5moods
1. Compound Words
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3. English Lesson I
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4. Full Names
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6. Pkhen Classes
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7. Pkhen Conscript
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8. Pkhen Dates
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9. Pkhen Lesson I
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10. Pkhen Lesson II
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11. Pkhen Lesson III
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12. Pkhen Lesson IV
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13. Pkhen Lesson V
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14. Pkhén Names
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15. Pkhen Politeness
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17. Pkhen Vulgarity
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18. Pkhenic History
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If you look at the Pkhen homepage, the first thing that stands out is the writing Pkhén 'O̠qahí̠í̠í̠khkhǽcah̠ndhukh - which means Pkhén is being spoken by me. This takes use of four moods - the Gerund (counted as a mood in Pkhen), the Indicative, the Inferential, and the Polite. Note that all examples will use the verb ri̠i̠rto have.
Ri̠i̠rek - To have
This is usually only used after an auxilliary as there is already an impersonal conjugation of verbs and no tense is usually conjugated as present
Ri̠i̠rghrá' - To need to have
This is used to imply the necessity of something
Ri̠i̠rnɛɛ - To want to have
This is used to imply want or wishing for something. It can sometimes be interchanged with the subjunctive.
Ri̠i̠rhí̠ - To be likely to happen
This is used to imply likleyhood of something happening, or the posibility of it happening
Ri̠i̠rhaa - To be allowed ot have
This is used to indicate a permitted action, and is usually used when a person of higher rank is telling a person of lower rank what to do.
Ri̠i̠ro̠dh - To have to have
This is used to give an express order, or to say what must happen, in contrast from the necessative, which implies what needs to happen, but with less pressing concern as the jussive implies.
Ri̠i̠rkhǽ - To be possible to have
It is used when speaking hypothetically, or answering the question "What if ...?".
Ri̠i̠rcah̠ - To appear to have
This is most notably used when directly quoting, but is also used when saying what will happen as a consequence of something.
Ri̠i̠rkhæ - To be possible to have
This is very similar to the hypothetical mood, but would better translate in English as ... would .... Note the similarity to the 1SFirst person singular (person)
speaker, signer, etc.; I.PREPresent.TRANSTransitive (valency)
has two arguments conjugation.
Ri̠i̠rh̠a - To have had
Ri̠i̠rɛɛh̠a - To have had had
Ri̠í̠rh̠a - To be going to have had
This is used almost interchangeably with the gerund, but can be used to form some tenses using the verb to have, or to go, like in French or Spanish.
Ri̠i̠rndhukh - To be having
Ri̠i̠rɛɛndhukh - To have been having
Ri̠í̠rndhukh - To be going be having
This is used to indicate the continuous form of a tense, think of Estoy hablando in Spanish.
Qari̠i̠r - To have
This is used when talking to, or about, those who are of higher class than you.
Pó̠ri̠i̠rla - To have
This is used when talking to someone of the highest class, who is worthy of the upmost respect.
Unlike most lanugages, Pkhen verbs switch transitivity - the verb to eat is transitive - it takes two forms. If I said "I eat", however, this would be intransitive in Pkhen as there is only one argument available.
Ri̠i̠rdú - One has
This is used when regarding to an unokown person, or when using a sentence with the person of "one", or when saying "People ...".
Caahri̠i̠r - To have oneself
In Pkhen, verbs are only ever voluntarily reflexive - like Ukrainian (imagine the pronoun себе).
As these lack much explaination, this is all one section.
SARCSarcastic (mood/emotive)
marks sarcasm - Sarcastic: Indicates the speaker is sarcastic
FUREFuric (emotive)
speaker is angry - Angry: Indicates the speaker is angry
GAUDGaudative (emotive)
speaker is happy or joyful - Happy: Indicates the speaker is happy
IRATIrative (emotive)
speaker is annoyed - Annoyed: Indicates the speaker is annoyed
PSAGPassive-aggressive (emotive)
damnit, speaker - Passive-Aggressive: Indicates the speaker is passive-aggressive
MIRMirative/admirative (mood/emotive)
surprise, doubt - Suprised: Indicates the speaker is suprised
EXCTExcited (emotive)
speaker is excited - Exited: Indicates the speaker is exited
PNCPanic (emotive)
speaker is frightened - Frightened: Indicates the speaker is frightened
Ri̠i̠rf́ɛn- To ?#@*&% have
In Pkhen, swearing is done through use of the vulgar formality, with varying degrees of severity. The above is the second.
Ri̠i̠r'ha - To hope to have
The subjunctive is interchangeable with the desiderative.
Just use the indicative if you don't know what mood to use. It is the most used one and, unless it is changed, is rarely marked in the gloss.
Now you know all this, guess what this word means:
Ri̠i̠rhaa'hakhæghráo̠dhf́ɛnó̠pankhænekh!
I ?#@*&% command it to be possible that I would want it to be necessary to need to have! ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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