Muaji [MJI]
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Typology
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1,352 words
Muaji
Muaji [ˈmuaʝi]
MuajiMuaji [ˈmuaʝi]
Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 25 May 2018
Language type
A priori
Species
Human/humanoid
About Muaji
A moderately naturalistic fusional-agglutinative ergative-absolutive language. Features:
- 12 cases
- 10 moods
- singular, dual and plural number
- no genders
- creaky nasals
- lots of diphthongs with highly variable pronunciation
- rapidly expanding vocabulary rich in nouns and verbs
- 12 cases
- 10 moods
- singular, dual and plural number
- no genders
- creaky nasals
- lots of diphthongs with highly variable pronunciation
- rapidly expanding vocabulary rich in nouns and verbs
Sample of Muaji[view] Keene tisôbuiwôôhaazeta sewoku utseônoo.
My hovercraft is full of eels.[view all texts]
My hovercraft is full of eels.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
Language treeWelo-Muajic
⤷ Proto-Welo-Muajic
⤷
Muaji
⤷ Proto-Welo-Muajic
⤷
Muaji [view] Ishoo (Icxou)Strongly Welati-influenced. Significantly differs in pronunciation from the standard variety while being very similar in vocabulary and grammar. Chief features include:
-Palatal fricatives and affricates [ç ʝ c͡ç ɟʝ] are post-alveolar [ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ] instead.
-Glottal stop [ʔ] is allowed in syllable coda.
-[ɔ ɔː ɛ ɛː] are heightened to [o oː e eː].
-Standard [ui] corresponds to Icxou [y] and [yː].
-[ou] is merged with [oː].
-[ɾ] is merged with [r].
-[w], [ei] and [ə̃] are distinct phonemes.
-Palatal fricatives and affricates [ç ʝ c͡ç ɟʝ] are post-alveolar [ʃ ʒ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ] instead.
-Glottal stop [ʔ] is allowed in syllable coda.
-[ɔ ɔː ɛ ɛː] are heightened to [o oː e eː].
-Standard [ui] corresponds to Icxou [y] and [yː].
-[ou] is merged with [oː].
-[ɾ] is merged with [r].
-[w], [ei] and [ə̃] are distinct phonemes.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Labio- dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | Other | |||||||
| Nasal | m m̰ | n n̰ | ɲ ɲ̰ | ŋ ŋ̰ | ||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t | d | c | ɟ | k | g | ʔ1 | |||||
| Fricative | f | v | s | z | ç | ʝ | h | |||||||
| Affricate | t͡s | c͡ç | ɟ͡ʝ2 | |||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | ʎ | ||||||||||||
| Approximant | [ɹ]3 | [j]4 | ɥ | |||||||||||
| Trill | r [r̝]5 | |||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||
- Usually skipped word-initially.
- In free variation with [ᶡj] in most dialects.
- In between back vowels, allophone of /ɾ/
- When adjacent to [i], [iː] or [-i̯], for some speakers also [ɛ] or [ɛː], allophone of /ɥ/
- In between front vowels, allophone of /r/
| Vowels | Front | Back | ||
| Close | i i: | u u: | ||
| Open-mid | ɛ ɛ: | ʌ ʌ: | ɔ ɔ: | |
| Open | a a: | |||
| Polyphthongs | aə1 | iə | ui2 | ou3 | uɔ | ai | au4 | iɔ | ia | iu |
| uə5 | eə6 | ɔi7 | ɔə8 | ua |
- Realised as [aə ~ aɜ ~ aɐ].
- Realised as [ui ~ ʉi ~ ʊ̈ɪ ~ ʏˑ], though the basic form is usually the most prevalent.
- Realised as [ou ~ oʊ ~ ɤʊ ~ ʊˑ]. Some speakers merge it with /uː/.
- Realised as [au ~ æʊ].
- Realised as [uə ~ uɪ̈ ~ uʊ̈].
- Realised as [eə ~ eʌ ~ ɪʌ], though the basic form is usually the most prevalent.
- Realised as [ɔi ~ ɔɪ ~ ɔe ~ oe].
- Realised as [ɔə ~ ɔɞ ~ ɞˑ].
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Muaji. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
| MuajiOrthography | |||||||||
| ' 'elai /ʔ/1 | Aa/a/ | AA aa/a:/ | AE ae/aə/2 | AI ai/ai/ | AU au/au/3 | Bb bai /b/ | Cc cai /c/ | CJ cj cai-jai /ɟ͡ʝ/4 | CX cx cai-xai /c͡ç/ |
| Dd dai /d/ | Ee/ɛ/ | EE ee/ɛ:/ | EÔ eô/eə/5 | Ff feô /f/ | Gg gai /g/ | Hh hai /h/ | Ii/i/ | IA ia/ia/ | IE ie/iə/ |
| II ii/i:/ | IO io/iɔ/ | IU iu/iu/ | Jj jai /ʝ/ | Kk kai /k/ | Ll lôô /l/ | Mm moo /m/ | M' m' moo veeha /m̰/ | Nn nai /n/ | N' n' nai veeha /n̰/ |
| NG ng nguu /ŋ/ | NG' ng' nguu veeha /ŋ̰/ | NY ny nyai /ɲ/ | NY' ny' nyai veeha /ɲ̰/ | Oo/ɔ/ | Ôô/ʌ/ | OE oe/ɔə/6 | OI oi/ɔi/7 | ÔÔ ôô/ʌ:/ | OO oo/ɔ:/ |
| OU ou/ou/8 | Pp pai /p/ | Qq qai /ɟ/ | Rr rai /ɾ/, [ɹ]9 | RR rr rreô /r/, [r̝]10 | Ss sai /s/ | Tt tai /t/ | TS ts tsai /t͡s/ | Uu/u/ | UA ua/ua/ |
| UE ue/uə/11 | UI ui/ui/12 | UO uo/uɔ/ | UU uu/u:/ | Vv vai /v/ | Ww wai /ɥ/, [j]13 | Xx xai /ç/ | Yy yai /ʎ/ | Zz zai /z/ | |
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order | |||||||||
- Usually skipped word-initially.
- Realised as [aə ~ aɜ ~ aɐ].
- Realised as [au ~ æʊ].
- In free variation with [ᶡj] in most dialects.
- Realised as [eə ~ eʌ ~ ɪʌ], though the basic form is usually the most prevalent.
- Realised as [ɔə ~ ɔɞ ~ ɞˑ].
- Realised as [ɔi ~ ɔɪ ~ ɔe ~ oe].
- Realised as [ou ~ oʊ ~ ɤʊ ~ ʊˑ]. Some speakers merge it with /uː/.
- In between back vowels.
- In between front vowels
- Realised as [uə ~ uɪ̈ ~ uʊ̈].
- Realised as [ui ~ ʉi ~ ʊ̈ɪ ~ ʏˑ], though the basic form is usually the most prevalent.
- When adjacent to [i], [iː] or [-i̯], for some speakers also [ɛ] or [ɛː]
