Punde [PEU]
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Registered by
[Deactivated User] on 28 June 2022
Language type
Artistic Language (Artlang)
Species
Human/humanoid
About Punde
"Punde" is a personal language, but it is also spoken by humans. These humans reside next to beaches and areas that are plentiful in sand, so they use the sand as a writing medium and sticks to write on the sand. They are comfortable with the idea that the water washes away their writing. The language is written using an abugida, and words have a (CV(N))CV(C) word order. There are 18 consonants and 6 vowels. The stress of words falls onto the penultimate syllable except for the future tense of verbs. The people who speak Punde appreciate the nature that is presented to them, so they are comfortable with ambiguity at times in their spoken language. For instance, there is no explicit plural form for nouns. Although a speaker may use the augmentative form of a noun to function as a plural form, the plural form typically is not shown and is instead implied from context.
Sample of Punde[view] Dudoa ganpoput bira meneri ten k'ata li kun wunderun ten bunetotsun mə. Kisosun pundodu ten tɬendul ganpi, koko kisosut tɬena menul kisosun ganpu bide.
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.[view all texts]
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.[view all texts]
Language family relationships
[view] About IsolatesThis is a family for isolate languages.
Phonology
| Consonants | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Labio- velar | Velar | Glottal | Other | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | b | t tʼ | d | k kʼ | g | ʔ | |||||||
| Fricative | s | h | ||||||||||||
| Affricate | t͡s t͡sʼ | t͡ɬ t͡ɬʼ | ||||||||||||
| Lateral approximant | l | |||||||||||||
| Lateral fricative | ɬ | |||||||||||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||||||||||
| Flap | ɾ | |||||||||||||
| Vowels | Front | Central | Back | |||
| Close | i | u | ||||
| Close-mid | e | o | ||||
| Mid | ə | |||||
| Open | a | |||||
Syllable StructureEssentially, the syllable structure of words is open except for grammatical cases and imperatives. The syllable structure is (C1V)C1V(C2), but there are some restrictions. The vowels are [i], [u], [e], [a], [ə], and [o]. The beginning consonants (C1) are [m], [n], [b], [d], [g], [p], [t], [k], [ts], [ɾ], [s], [ɬ], [tɬ], [h], [w], [l], [j], [ʔ], [t'], [k'], [ts'], and [tɬ']. The only ending consonants (C2) are at the end of words: [t], [l], and [n] ([g] can also end words as well, but this ending is typically found only in colloquial speech between some speakers). These ending consonants (C2) are meant for grammatical purposes (i.e. grammatical case). Imperatives can also end in all consonants since the schwa is removed in this conjugation, but for the creation of new words, these consonants aren't allowed to terminate the word. For instance, the verb "to cry" in Punde is "wisə". The imperative form "Cry." is "Wis." (i.e. all Punde words are initially made from open syllables but are slightly edited due to grammatical purposes.").
Stress informationIn the majority of words, the stress is placed on the second-to-last syllable (bába, babába, bababába). Single syllable words are unstressed (ba).
However, it is important to note that the future form of verbs have their stress on the third-to-last syllable (bábəbə, babábəbə). Every verb ends with a schwa (ə). An example of a verb is "tijénə" (to sing) (NOTE: the stress is not written in the romanization of Punde, but for the sake of illustrating stress, it is explicitly written). The infinitive form is the same as the present tense. The future form of "to sing" is "tijénənə", where the ending syllable "nə" is repeated at the end.
There is also another similar rule in regards to the negative form of verbs. To negate a verb, the ending [ʔu] (written as 'u in Punde's romanization) is added to the end of the infinitive of the verb. For negated verbs, the word's stress falls on the third-to-last syllable. For instance, the negative form of the verb "tijénə" (to sing/I sing) is "tijénə'u" (to not sing/I do not sing).
However, it is important to note that the future form of verbs have their stress on the third-to-last syllable (bábəbə, babábəbə). Every verb ends with a schwa (ə). An example of a verb is "tijénə" (to sing) (NOTE: the stress is not written in the romanization of Punde, but for the sake of illustrating stress, it is explicitly written). The infinitive form is the same as the present tense. The future form of "to sing" is "tijénənə", where the ending syllable "nə" is repeated at the end.
There is also another similar rule in regards to the negative form of verbs. To negate a verb, the ending [ʔu] (written as 'u in Punde's romanization) is added to the end of the infinitive of the verb. For negated verbs, the word's stress falls on the third-to-last syllable. For instance, the negative form of the verb "tijénə" (to sing/I sing) is "tijénə'u" (to not sing/I do not sing).
Orthography
Below is the orthography for Punde. This includes all graphemes as defined in the language's phonology settings - excluding the non-distinct graphemes/polygraphs.
 PundeOrthography [edit] | |||||||||
| m/m/ | n/n/ | t/t/ | d/d/ | k/k/ | g/g/ | p/p/ | b/b/ | s/s/ | ts/t͡s/ |
| ɬ/ɬ/ | tɬ/t͡ɬ/ | r/ɾ/ | l/l/ | h/h/ | '/ʔ/ | w/w/ | j/j/ | i/i/ | u/u/ |
| e/e/ | a/a/ | ə/ə/ | o/o/ | k'/kʼ/ | t'/tʼ/ | ts'/t͡sʼ/ | tɬ'/t͡ɬʼ/ | ||
| ✖ Unknown alphabetical order [change] | |||||||||
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