how to use verbs
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what is VOSV anyway?
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 16 Mar 2019, 15:30.
[comments] ynj
2. how to use verbs
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This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
This article is a work in progress! Check back later in case any changes have occurred.
The big picture
So, you probably noticed that verbs have that - in them.
That's where the object and subject go, in that order. If the verb only takes one argument, it goes in the middle.
If the subject can be inferred, it is dropped. however, if an object would be inferrible, it must be there, at least as a placeholder.
So, "I eat fish" would be glossed like "eat1 Fish I eat2", where eat1 and eat2 are the two halves of the verb
Verb affixes (or Adverbs), types and irregularities
There are Seven types of affixes used with verbs, which I will list below, using em-agang as an example verb, and X or X-Y as an example affix (not a valid one, but one to show how it's done)
Also woops. 1-6 are now adverb types, and all in 7 are now the only ones called Affixes
- 1: Xem-agang
- 2: emX-agang
- 3: em-Xagang
- 4: em-agangX
- Inside: emX-Yagang
- Outside: Xem-agangY
- Irregular/morphological: This kind of affix/auxiliary (oops, got those mixed up), like aŝ, is not used consistently on verbs, so any uses of it get their own dictionary entry, since they wouldn't be clear from context. Also, if an affix is not noted as being any type, it is this kind.
Note, that the placement of the verb affix is only as shown for a Stock class verb, and the other 4 differ.
The arrows in this table show how they act under different classes of verbs.
| Class of Verb | Undashed Affixes | Dashed Affixes |
|---|---|---|
| Cycled [c] | 1->2->3->4->1 | no change |
| Flip [f] | 1->3->1 2->4->2 | Inside becomes Outside, vice versa |
| Pulled [p] | 4->3->2->1->1 1 type affixes come sooner than 2 type | no change |
| Swapped [w] | 1->2->1 3->4->3 | Inside becomes Outside, vice versa |
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