Syntax, the subjunctive and more grammar
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This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 1 Apr 2017, 09:08.
[comments] syntaxsubjunctivepni
2. Piringian Anthem
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3. Piringian Culture
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Literary Piringish syntax is very straightforward and easy to get a grasp of. The basic sentence structure is VSO, and all relative clauses change to VOS.For example:
Syntax in
Unknown dialect code is even simpler. It is always VSO.Example:
Note: the example syntax trees are from this translation.
Piringish makes extensive use of the subjunctive verb form, as it is the default verb form for any clause other than the principal clause — relative, subordinate, etc. So even if in English or French you wouldn't use the subjunctive, in Piringish, as soon as it's not the main clause, the verb is automatically conjugated to the subjunctive.
Piringish has no explicit verb for "to be" or "to have". Instead, for expressing "Y is X" (if both are nouns), then you use the construction: y.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient x.OBOblique (case)
marked case, vs. direct ta. The particle "ta" used with the oblique case is more or less equivalent to an equative case. If one is expressing "Y is X" where X is an adjective, you simply use y.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient x.ACCAccusative (case)
TRANS direct object; patient, making sure to make X agree with Y in class.
As for expressing "to have", this construction is used: x.GENGenitive (case)
possessive y.OBOblique (case)
marked case, vs. direct exist, with the verb "exist" ('akay) conjugated appropriately.
Note: the particle "ta" becomes "takí" in the subjunctive. The suffix -ya indicates continuity. The inchoative and cessative forms are "tal" and "te" respectively. Past is "tó", future is "tò". The negative is "tan", subj. "takín". In question tense it becomes ti, tia and tiò (prst, pst, ftr)
The prefix kke-, /kəkɛ/, turns a verb into the corresponding verbal noun. It is then declined as an L2 noun only, independently of its meaning. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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