Lesson #5
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Verbs 1 & Grammar Stuff 2
This public article was written by [Deactivated User], and last updated on 26 Jul 2020, 08:31.
[comments] iidlessonslesson 5
7. Tefiko Ếldrice
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Verbs & More Grammar StuffSome Linguistic Muscle
Sindielic is a highly inflectional language, and verbs are no exception. This means, you guessed it, lots of conjugation! Yay! Verbs other than sio are much more complex; they distinguish degree of past and future tense (how far in the past or future the action occurred), as well as change depending on grammatical gender of the subject and person (1st, 2nd, and 3rd person). English does the latter (grammatical person). You would't say "he am" or "you is" (hopefully), and it's the same in Sindielic.
Today's forms are: infinitive, past tense, near past tense (recently/just happenned), present tense, near future tense (about to/soon will happen), future tense, gnommic (happens in general), and imperative.
Note that infinitives end in -io.
| Animate Verb Forms | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past Tense | Near Past Tense | Present Tense | Near Future Tense | Future Tense | Gnommic | Imperative | |
| 1st Person | -iat | -it | -eo | -eon | -ion | -is | -équo |
| 2nd Person | -eat | -iat | -ea | -ean | -ian | -équa | |
| 3rd Person | -iost | -iest | -eos | -eons | -ions | -équos | |
That was actually a fair bit of information. But the inanimate verbs are much simpler, not distinguishing between gnommic & present tense, degrees of past or present, or grammatical person. Its forms are:
| Inanimate Verb Forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Past Tense | Present Tense | Future Tense | Imperative |
| -êst | -ês | -êns | -équês |
That's alot of information, so there'll be conjugation exercises. Practice makes perfect!
Now, let's do something simple, something actually very important, something I completely forgot about until I found a way to fit it in here: numbers. Just 0 - 999 for now, though. Firstly, here are numbers 0 - 10.
0 - fao
1 - dar
2 - yos
3 - nin
4 - la
5 - sai
6 - tan
7 - trau
8 - sef
9 - wen
10 - yar
That's easy, but it gets even easier. In English, we have irregular forms above ten, where 10 + 1 is eleven, not "ten-one". But "ten-one" is exactly how one would phrase eleven in Sindielic. in fact, this works for literally any number above ten. There are just seperate words for hundred, thousand, million, etc. Hundred is lanke. Here are some examples:
10 - yar
12 - yar-yos
20 - yosyar (yos + yar)
92 - wenyar-yos
592 - sailanke-wenyar-yos
999 - wenlanke-wenyar-wen
Something else useful to know are a few affixes, attachable little word parts that alter meaning. Some are appended to the beginning of a word, but most come at the end, before endings like -io, -a, -o, -ao, e, -eth, etc. Some are listed below with explanations and examples. You don't need to memorise all of these, but being familiar with at least some of them is very helpful because they're applicable to most words and pretty common.
-êth- - product of, instance of, -age/-tion
nadro - eye
nadrêtho - sight
fo(r)- (-r- used before a vowel) - opposite of, un-
therathe - fun
fotherathe - boring, tiresome, un-fun
-(a)rin (-a- used after a consonant) - language, -ese
fonênde - illogical, nonsensical
fonêndarin - gibberish, nonsense
-en- - good/well, quality
thianda - person
thiandena - good person, person of virtue
-êk- - bad, low quality
fêna - woman, girl
fênêka - hag, witch (but with a b)
-(e)s- (-e- used after a consonant) - state of being or amount, -ness, -ship
nasiona - nation, country
nasionesa - kingdom, statehood
-ár- - that to which something is done, receiver of an action, -ee
awanio - to eat
awanáro - food
-(a)n- (-a- used after a consonant) - diminutive, little (usually cute)
itiya - baby
itiyana - cute little baby
fao - 0
dar - 1
yos - 2
nin - 3
la - 4
sai - 5
tan - 6
trau - 7
sef - 8
wen - 9
yar - 10
lanke - 100
nasiona - nation
awanio - to eat
itiya - baby
nêndo - reason, logic
therathe - fun
tomato - tomato
asta - mother
ora - father
irio - to reside, to live
arasio - to speak
Conjugate the verbs and decline the nouns in brackets:
I'll eat a tomato soon.
[Tomato] [awanio].
[Tomator] [awaneon].
I live (in general) in Kokonokia with my mother.
Qua [irio] [Kókonokiya] seo [asta] [qua].
Qua [iris] [Kókonokiyan] seo [asta] [quae]. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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