Lesson #6
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Sio 2 & Verbs 2 (Advanced Verb Stuff)
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7. Tefiko Ếldrice
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Participles, Causative, Passive, & ConditionalAdvanced Verb Conjugations
Participles are the adjectival forms of verbs, similar to the -ing ending in English in some cases. They are often used to form new adjectives and create compound tenses. In Sindielic, they are used for both. Participles are formed by adding -and- to a verb's root. Note that participles are always present/gnommic. Participles can also be used in agentive nouns (constructs showing an acting force), similar to -er in English.
To use a participle as an adjective, simply add -e after -and-. For example, thinking person (ie homo sapien) is thianda selande (selio meaning 'to think').
To use a participle as an agentive noun, add -o, -a, or -ao (depending on animacy) after -and-. Example: runner is kresanda (kresio meaning 'to run).
In Sindielic, there are two ways to form compound tenses, all progressive. This is equivalent to "is/was/will be/etc. ___ing". The first is more formal, using the verb sio. Simply use the appropriate form of sio in conjunction with a participle ending in -e (I am running = Qua se kresande). The second, more casual form is by putting the verb into its participial form, -and-, and using a verb ending (I am running = Kresandeo).
Sindielic has both a causative form and a passive form for its verbs. A causative verb is a verb where the subject makes something or causes something to do the verb. A passive verb is the opposite; the the verb is done to the subject by something. In English, an example of these would be:
Causative: I made him do that.
"Made do" is the causative verb.
Passive: The ball was kicked.
"Was kicked" is the passive verb.
For sio, only the causative ("make be") exists. It's fi, 'to make be'. To form a causative regular verb, append fi- to the beginning unless it begins with an 'i'. In that case, append fith- instead. The one being made to do something is put in the locative case. To form a passive verb, add -it- after the verb's root. Here are those examples in Sindielic:
Causative: Fisoriat sor andan.
I made him do that.
Passive: Ne fero stêntfeyitiost.
The ball was kicked.
The conditional mood, most simply put, is equivalent to using 'could' or 'would'. "I would go" is just "I go" in the conditional mood. In Sindielic, the conditional mood is also marked with an auxiliary, we, in conjunction with the gnommic conjugation. "I go" is "(Qua) ikeo", and" I would go" is "Qua we ikis". "I can go" is "(Qua) ikio aqueo", and "I could go" is "Qua we aquis ikio". Here are some more examples:
Qua we ikis, dês qua fa' quaris. - I would go, but I don't want (to).
Qua we aquis, o so we nadritis iskie! - I could, and that would look great!
Te fa' we aquis sor sorio; we se hanfe! - You (guys) couldn't do that; (it) would be disasterous!
Is/i'- - to, towards
As/a'- - for (the sake of), in order (to)
In - to the
An - for the
Sorio - to do, to function/work, to use
Kênossio - to kill
Da - sir, ma'am
Kênosa - death (proper noun)
Amếrika - America
Britána - Britain
Jongwa - China
Nihóna - Japan
Hánguka Sode - South Korea
Fransa - France
Dóycelanta - Germany
Áfrika - Africa
Translate the following:
I'm going into the forest. (casual)
(Qua) ikandeo in êndaison.
A rock would work well for us now.
Andreno we sorês therie a'que thathie.
She's about to make her mom do it.
(Anda) fisoreons andae astan sor.
He just got killed!
(Anda) kênossitiest!
I'm not doing that, sir. (formal)
Qua fa' se sor sorande, da.
I live in America, and I'm a runner. (general)
(Qua) iris Amếrikan, o (qua) se kresanda. ✎ Edit Article ✖ Delete Article
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